Patient Information
Indications

Indications for Treatment

• Absolute male infertility
  e.g. primary azoospermia (absence of sperm cells)
  
  
• Relative male infertility, e.g.
  • High-grade OAT
  • Necrozoospermia
  • Cryptozoospermia
  • Prior vasectomy
  • Mumps orchitis
  • Testicular trauma
  • Prior chemotherapy due to cancer
    
    
• Vas deferens aplasia
  
  
• Asemia (no ejaculation, either "antegrade" or "retrograde"), e.g. due to nerve damage associated with paraplegia
  
  
• Genetic causes that may make reproduction impossible, such as
  • Klinefelter's syndrome 47 XXY
  • Kallman syndrome
  • Turner syndrome
    
    
• Genetic disorders associated with a high risk of conceiving a severely ill, malformed child
  
  
• Unsuccessful attempts at treatment with IVF and ICSI (also TESE if applicable)
  
  
• Due to rejection of modern reproductive medicine procedures due to various reasons (moral, financial)
  
  
• Due to rejection/impossibility of adoption

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